PayTM

PAYTM

Paytm is an Indian payment and commerce company based out of Delhi NCR, India. Launched in August 2010, it is the consumer brand of parent One97 Communications. The name is an acronym for "Pay Through Mobile."

In 2015, Paytm became the first Indian company to receive funding from Chinese eCommerce company Alibaba, after it raised over $625 million at a valuation of $1.5 billion. The Alibaba Group was the biggest stakeholder in Paytm parent company One97 Communications. In August 2016, Paytm received an investment from Mountain Capital, one of Taiwan-based MediaTek’s investment funds, which valued Paytm at of over USD$5 billion.

The company employs over 13,000 employees as of January, 2017 and has 3 million offline merchants across India. It also operates the Paytm payment gateway and the Paytm Wallet.

Paytm Wallet is the digital payment instrument where you can transfer money from your bank account or credit card to use for transactions on the platform. You need to set up an account using your mobile phone number and email ID to setup a Paytm account and transfer cash to the wallet. You can add up to Rs. 10,000 in a month in the Wallet; if you want to increase the monthly limit, then you can get the KYC (Know Your Customer) processor done. With this, you can have up to Rs. 1 lakh in the Paytm Wallet at any point of time.

In order to use the Paytm Wallet and transact cash-free, follow the steps below:

1. Set up a Paytm account using your mobile number and email ID
2. Add some money to your Paytm Wallet using netbanking, debit card, or credit card
3. To transfer money to someone else, select the 'Pay or Send' option
4. You can make payments to others or to bank accounts on Paytm by scanning a QR code
5. Alternatively, you can send money to another Paytm user via their phone number.

 

Paytm security -

Paytm uses Verisign-certified 128-bit encryption technology, which means that the secret key used in transactions is a sequence of 128 bits and does not reveal anything about the password length or contents. The platform is PCI DSS 2.0 certified, which means it does not store credit card data in unencrypted form.

Payments bank - In 2015 Paytm received a license from Reserve Bank of India to start one of India's first payments banks. At the time, the bank intended to use Paytm’s existing user base for offering new services, including debit cards, savings accounts, online banking and transfers, to enable a cashless economy. The payments bank would be a separate entity in which the founder Vijay Shekhar Sharma will hold 51%, One97 Communications will hold 39% and 10% will be held by a subsidiary of One97 and Sharma.

Paytm is also approved as an operating unit for integrated bill payment system Bharat Bill Payment System, allowing multiple payment modes for consumers.

Paytm Payment Gateway flow and how it work -

How Paytm SDK Work -

The Paytm Payments SDK for iOS and Android enables merchants to integrate payments into their mobile app. The following diagram describes how a typical payment transaction works. The components involved in completing a payment transaction are as follows:

• User Placing the Order: The end user who wants to initiate a payment transaction.
• Merchant Application: The Application of the merchant where the Paytm Wallet needs to be integrated. This may be an Android or iOS application.
• Paytm SDK: The SDK provided by Paytm to make all the API calls to Payment Gateway and Merchant’s Web server (which is explained in the next point).
• Merchant’s Web server: The merchant needs to setup this web server at their end. The logic to generate and verify CheckSum needs to be setup on this server. Checksum helps ensure the integrity of transactions i.e. it helps ensure that the transaction requests have not been intercepted and tampered with. Checksum utilities are provided by Paytm for different development platforms.
• Payment Gateway: The Payment Gateway of Paytm. It will communicate with the Paytm SDK and Merchant’s Web server. In case, the payment is made via credit cards/debit cards/net banking, the Payment Gateway will interact with the Banks as well.

 

 

 

Functions of Operating System

 functions of an operating System

·        Memory Management

·        Processor Management

·        Device Management

·        File Management

·        Security

·        Control over system performance

·        Job accounting

·        Error detecting aids

·        Coordination between other software and users

Memory Management

Memory management refers to management of Primary Memory or Main Memory. Main memory is a large array of words or bytes where each word or byte has its own address.

Main memory provides a fast storage that can be access directly by the CPU. So for a program to be executed, it must in the main memory. Operating System does the following activities for memory management.

·        Keeps tracks of primary memory i.e. what part of it are in use by whom, what part are not in use.

·        In multi programming, OS decides which process will get memory when and how much.

·        Allocates the memory when the process requests it to do so.

·        De-allocates the memory when the process no longer needs it or has been terminated.

Processor Management

In multiprogramming environment, OS decides which process gets the processor when and how much time. This function is called process scheduling. Operating System does the following activities for processor management.

·        Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. Program responsible for this task is known as traffic controller.

·        Allocates the processor(CPU) to a process.

·        De-allocates processor when processor is no longer required.

File Management

A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. These directories may contain files and other directions. Operating System does the following activities for file management.

·        Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective facilities are often known as file system.

·        Decides who gets the resources.

·        Allocates the resources.

·        De-allocates the resources.

Device Management

OS manages device communication via their respective drivers. Operating System does the following activities for device management.

·        Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller.

·        Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time.

·        Allocates the device in the efficient way.

·        De-allocates devices.

Other Important Activities

Following are some of the important activities that Operating System does.

·        Security -- By means of password and similar other techniques, preventing unauthorized access to programs and data.

·        Control over system performance -- Recording delays between request for a service and response from the system.

·        Job accounting -- Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.

·        Error detecting aids -- Production of dumps, traces, error messages and other debugging and error detecting aids.

·        Coordination between other software and users -- Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer systems.

Memory Measurement Unit in Computer

Memory Measurement  Unit-

Computer only understands the binary language. The information stored in the computer is in the form of 0`s and 1`s called bits.

A bit is the smallest unit of .A bit can have only a single value either 0 or 1. 

Geop Byte is The Highest Memory Measurement Unit

4 bits =1 nibble
8 bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes= 1 Kilo Byte
1024 Kilo Bytes = 1 Mega Byte
1024 Mega Bytes = 1 Giga Byte
1024 Giga Bytes = 1 Tera Byte
1024 Tera Bytes = 1 Peta Byte
1024 Peta Byte = 1 Exa  Byte
1024 Exa Byte = 1 ZettaByte
1024 Zetta Byte = 1 Yotta Byte
 1024 YB = 1 Bronto Byte
1024 Bronto Byte  = 1 Geop Byte

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

 

 ICT is an extension of information technology that include communication devices also. ICT is a term that combined information and communication technology.

ICT = Information Technology + Communication Technology

Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions.

ICT (information and communications technology ) is  includes any communication device or application like,  radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systemsetc.

ICT has more recently been used to describe the convergence of several technologies and the use of common transmission lines carrying very diverse data and communication types and formats.